1. Abubuwan buƙatu na asali don masu yankan niƙa don yanke wasu kayan
(1) Babban ƙarfi da juriya: A ƙarƙashin zafin jiki na al'ada, sashin yanke kayan dole ne ya sami isasshen ƙarfi don yanke cikin aikin;tare da juriya mai girma, kayan aiki ba zai sawa ba kuma ya tsawaita rayuwar sabis.
(2) Kyakkyawan juriya mai zafi: Kayan aiki zai haifar da zafi mai yawa a lokacin aikin yankewa, musamman lokacin da saurin yanke ya yi girma, zafin jiki zai yi girma sosai.Sabili da haka, kayan aikin kayan aiki ya kamata su sami juriya mai kyau na zafi, har ma a yanayin zafi.Har yanzu yana iya kula da babban taurin kuma yana iya ci gaba da yankewa.Wannan dukiya ta tsananin zafin jiki kuma ana kiranta zafi mai zafi ko ja.
(3) Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi mai kyau: A lokacin aikin yankewa, kayan aiki dole ne su yi tsayayya da babban tasiri, don haka kayan aiki dole ne su sami ƙarfin ƙarfi, in ba haka ba yana da sauƙin karya da lalacewa.Saboda abin yankan niƙa yana ƙarƙashin tasiri da rawar jiki, abin yankan niƙa shima yakamata ya kasance yana da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi don ba shi da sauƙin guntuwa da guntuwa.
2. Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su don yankan niƙa
(1) Ƙarfe na kayan aiki mai sauri (wanda ake magana da shi a matsayin karfe mai sauri, karfe na gaba, da dai sauransu), zuwa kashi na gaba ɗaya da maƙasudi na musamman.Yana da halaye kamar haka:
a.Abubuwan da ke cikin abubuwan da suka haɗa da tungsten, chromium, molybdenum da vanadium yana da ɗan girma, kuma taurin quenching na iya kaiwa HRC62-70.A 6000C babban zafin jiki, har yanzu yana iya kiyaye babban taurin.
b.Ƙarƙashin ƙaƙƙarfan yana da ƙarfi mai kyau da ƙarfi, ƙarfin juriya mai ƙarfi, kuma ana iya amfani dashi don kera kayan aiki tare da saurin yanke gabaɗaya.Don kayan aikin injin tare da rashin ƙarfi mara ƙarfi, masu yankan ƙarfe mai sauri na niƙa har yanzu ana iya yanke su lafiya
c.Kyakkyawan aiki na tsari, ƙirƙira, sarrafawa da kaifi suna da sauƙin sauƙi, kuma ana iya kera kayan aiki tare da ƙarin sifofi masu rikitarwa.
d.Idan aka kwatanta da siminti carbide kayan, har yanzu yana da disadvantages na ƙananan taurin, rashin ja ja da juriya.
(2) Siminti Carbide: An yi shi da karfe carbide, tungsten carbide, titanium carbide da cobalt tushen karfe daure ta foda metallurgical tsari.Babban fasalinsa sune kamar haka:
Yana iya jure babban zafin jiki, kuma har yanzu yana iya kula da kyakkyawan aikin yankewa a kusan 800-10000C.Lokacin yankan, saurin yanke zai iya zama sau 4-8 sama da na ƙarfe mai sauri.Babban taurin a dakin da zafin jiki da juriya mai kyau.Ƙarfin lanƙwasawa yana da ƙasa, tasirin taurin ba shi da kyau, kuma ruwa ba shi da sauƙi don kaifi.
Carbides siminti da aka saba amfani da su gabaɗaya ana iya kasu kashi uku:
① Tungsten-cobalt cemented carbide (YG)
Makin da aka saba amfani da su YG3, YG6, YG8, inda lambobi ke nuna adadin yawan abun ciki na cobalt, mafi yawan abun ciki na cobalt, mafi kyawun tauri, mafi tasiri da juriya na jijjiga, amma zai rage taurin kuma sa juriya.Saboda haka, gami ya dace da yankan simintin ƙarfe da ƙarfe mara ƙarfe, kuma ana iya amfani dashi don yankan m da taurare ƙarfe da sassa na bakin karfe tare da babban tasiri.
② Titanium-cobalt cemented carbide (YT)
Makin da aka fi amfani da su sune YT5, YT15, YT30, kuma lambobi suna nuna yawan adadin carbide titanium.Bayan da siminti carbide ya ƙunshi titanium carbide, zai iya ƙara bonding zafin jiki na karfe, rage gogayya coefficient, da kuma dan kadan ƙara taurin da kuma sa juriya, amma yana rage lankwasawa ƙarfi da taurin da kuma sa kaddarorin gaggautsa.Sabili da haka, nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan sun dace da yankan sassan ƙarfe.
③ Babban simintin carbide
Add dace adadin rare karfe carbide, irin su tantalum carbide da niobium carbide, zuwa sama biyu wuya gami don tata su hatsi da kuma inganta su dakin da zafin jiki da kuma high zafin jiki taurin, sa juriya, bonding zafin jiki da hadawan abu da iskar shaka juriya , Yana iya ƙara taurin. na gami.Saboda haka, irin wannan nau'in wuka na carbide da aka yi da siminti yana da mafi kyawun aikin yankewa da haɓaka.Alamominsa sune: YW1, YW2 da YA6, da dai sauransu, saboda tsadar sa mai tsada, ana amfani da shi ne don kayan sarrafawa masu wahala, kamar ƙarfe mai ƙarfi, ƙarfe mai jure zafi, bakin karfe, da dai sauransu.
3. Nau'in yankan niƙa
(1) Bisa ga kayan yankan ɓangaren mai yankan niƙa:
a.Abun yankan ƙarfe mai saurin gudu: Ana amfani da wannan nau'in don ƙarin hadaddun yankan.
b.Masu yankan niƙa na Carbide: galibin welded ko na inji an manne zuwa jikin abin yanka.
(2) Dangane da manufar mai yankan niƙa:
a.Masu yankan niƙa don sarrafa jiragen sama: masu yankan niƙa na siliki, masu yankan niƙa na ƙarshe, da sauransu.
b.Milling cutters for sarrafa grooves (ko mataki tebur): karshen niƙa, faifai niƙa cutters, saw ruwa milling cutters, da dai sauransu.
c.Masu yankan niƙa don filaye masu siffa na musamman: ƙirƙirar masu yankan niƙa, da sauransu.
(3) Dangane da tsarin mai yankan niƙa
a.Mai yankan hakori mai kaifi: Siffar da aka yanke na bayan haƙori madaidaiciya ko karye ne, mai sauƙin ƙirƙira da kaifi, kuma yankan gefen ya fi kaifi.
b.Mai yankan hakori na taimako: siffar da aka yanke na hakorin baya shine Archimedes karkace.Bayan ƙwanƙwasa, idan dai kusurwar rake ya kasance ba canzawa ba, bayanin martabar haƙori ba ya canzawa, wanda ya dace da kafa masu yankan milling.
4. Babban sigogi na geometric da ayyuka na mai yankan niƙa
(1) Sunan kowane bangare na mai yankan niƙa
① Base jirgin sama: Jirgin da ke wucewa ta kowane wuri a kan mai yankewa kuma daidai da saurin yanke wannan batu.
② Yankan jirgin sama: jirgin da ke wucewa ta hanyar yankan kuma daidai da jirgin sama.
③ Rake fuska: jirgin sama inda guntu ke gudana.
④ Flank surface: saman kishiyar injin da aka yi
(2) Babban kusurwar geometric da aikin mai yankan niƙa na siliki
① Angle Rake γ0: Ƙaƙwalwar da aka haɗa tsakanin fuskar rake da saman ƙasa.Ayyukan shine don sanya shinge mai kaifi, rage lalacewar karfe yayin yankewa, da sauƙin sauke kwakwalwan kwamfuta, don haka ceton aiki a yankan.
② kusurwar taimako α0: Ƙaƙwalwar da aka haɗa tsakanin gefen gefen gefe da kuma jirgin sama.Babban aikinsa shi ne ya rage juzu'i tsakanin gefen gefe da yanke jirgin sama da kuma rage girman yanayin aikin.
③ kusurwar jujjuyawar 0: kusurwar da ke tsakanin tangent akan ruwan haƙori mai helical da axis na abin yankan niƙa.Ayyukan shine don sanya hakora masu yankan a hankali a yanke su da nesa daga aikin aikin, da kuma inganta kwanciyar hankali.A lokaci guda, ga masu yankan niƙa cylindrical, shi ma yana da tasirin sa kwakwalwan kwamfuta ya fita sumul daga ƙarshen fuska.
(3) Babban kusurwar geometric da aikin injin niƙa na ƙarshe
Ƙarshen niƙa yana da ƙarin yankan yanki guda ɗaya, don haka ban da kusurwar rake da kusurwar taimako, akwai:
① Shigar da kusurwa Kr: Ƙaƙwalwar da aka haɗa tsakanin babban yanki da kuma saman injin.Canjin yana rinjayar tsawon babban yanki don shiga cikin yankan, kuma yana canza nisa da kauri na guntu.
② kusurwar jujjuyawa ta sakandare Krˊ: kusurwar da aka haɗa tsakanin ƙarshen yankan na biyu da saman da aka ƙera.Ayyukan shine don rage juzu'i tsakanin gefen yanke na biyu da na'urar da aka yi amfani da shi, kuma yana shafar tasirin yanke na sakandare a kan injin da aka yi.
③ Ƙaunar ruwa λs: Ƙaƙwalwar da aka haɗa tsakanin babban yanki da saman tushe.Yawanci suna taka rawar yankan ruwan wukake.
5. Ƙirƙirar abun yanka
Abin yanka niƙa ne na musamman na niƙa da ake amfani da shi don sarrafa saman kafa.Bayanan martabarsa yana buƙatar ƙirƙira da ƙididdige su bisa ga bayanin martabar kayan aikin da za a sarrafa.Yana iya sarrafa filaye masu sarkakiya akan injin niƙa na gama-gari, yana tabbatar da cewa sifar ta asali iri ɗaya ce, kuma ingancin yana da girma., Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin samar da tsari da kuma samar da taro.
(1) Samar da masu yankan niƙa za a iya raba nau'i biyu: hakora masu nuni da haƙoran taimako
Niƙa da sake niƙa na kaifi mai kaifi mai yankan niƙa yana buƙatar ubangida na musamman, wanda ke da wahalar kerawa da haɓakawa.Haƙori na baya na shebur bayanin haƙorin niƙa abin yanka ana yin shi ta hanyar felu da niƙa a kan lathe ɗin haƙorin shebur.Fuskar rake ne kawai ake kaifi yayin sake niƙa.Domin fuskar rake tana lebur, ya fi dacewa a kaifafa.A halin yanzu, abin yankan niƙa galibi yana amfani da tsarin shebur Haƙori na baya.Haƙori na baya na haƙorin taimako yakamata ya dace da sharuɗɗa guda biyu: ①Siffar yankan gefen ya kasance baya canzawa bayan sake niƙa;②Sami kusurwar taimako da ake buƙata.
(2) Haƙori na baya da lankwasa
Ana yin sashe na ƙarshe daidai gwargwado zuwa ga madaidaicin abin yankan niƙa ta kowane wuri akan yankan abin yankan niƙa.Layin haɗin kai tsakaninsa da saman bayan haƙori ana kiransa lanƙwan bayan haƙori na abin yankan niƙa.
Haƙori na baya ya kamata ya cika sharuɗɗa biyu: ɗaya shine cewa kusurwar taimako na mai yankan niƙa bayan kowace regrind ba ta canzawa;ɗayan kuma shine mai sauƙin sarrafawa.
Hanya guda daya tilo wacce zata iya gamsar da madaidaicin kusurwar sharewa shine karkace logarithmic, amma yana da wahala a kera.Karkashin Archimedes na iya gamsar da buƙatun cewa kusurwar sharewa ba ta canzawa, kuma yana da sauƙi don ƙira da sauƙin ganewa.Saboda haka, Archimedes karkace ana amfani da ko'ina a samarwa a matsayin bayanin martaba na haƙorin baya na mai yankan niƙa.
Daga ilimin lissafi, radius vector ρ darajar kowane batu akan karkace Archimedes yana ƙaruwa ko raguwa daidai gwargwado tare da haɓaka ko raguwar kusurwar juyawa θ na radius vector.
Don haka, idan dai har haɗe-haɗe na motsi na jujjuyawa akai-akai da motsi na madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar motsi tare da radius, ana iya samun karkace na Archimedes.
An bayyana shi a cikin daidaitawar polar: lokacin da θ=00, ρ=R, (R shine radius na mai yankan niƙa), lokacin da θ>00, ρ
Ma'auni na gaba ɗaya na bayan mai yankan niƙa shine: ρ=R-CQ
A zaton cewa ruwa ba ya ja da baya, to duk lokacin da mai yankan milling ya juya kusurwar haƙori ε=2π/z, adadin haƙori na ruwa shine K. Don dacewa da wannan, girman cam ɗin shima yakamata ya zama K. Domin yin ruwan wukake yana motsawa cikin sauri akai-akai, lanƙwasa akan cam ɗin yakamata ya zama karkace Archimedes, don haka yana da sauƙin ƙira.Bugu da ƙari, girman cam ɗin yana ƙaddara ne kawai ta hanyar tallace-tallace na shebur K darajar, kuma ba shi da dangantaka da adadin hakora da kuma kusurwar izinin yanke diamita.Muddin samarwa da tallace-tallace daidai suke, ana iya amfani da cam a duk duniya.Wannan kuma shine dalilin da ya sa ake amfani da spirals Archimedes a cikin bayan haƙoran haƙori masu yin yankan niƙa.
Lokacin da aka san radius R na mai yankan niƙa da adadin yankan K, ana iya samun C:
Lokacin da θ=2π/z, ρ=RK
Sannan RK=R-2πC /z ∴ C = Kz/2π
6. Abubuwan al'amuran da zasu faru bayan mai yankan niƙa ya ƙare
(1) Yin hukunci daga siffar kwakwalwan kwamfuta, kwakwalwan kwamfuta sun zama mai kauri da laushi.Yayin da zafin jiki na kwakwalwan kwamfuta ya tashi, launi na kwakwalwan kwamfuta ya zama purple kuma yana shan taba.
(2) Ƙaunar saman da aka sarrafa na kayan aikin ba shi da kyau sosai, kuma akwai aibobi masu haske a saman kayan aikin tare da alamomi ko ƙugiya.
(3) Tsarin niƙa yana haifar da girgiza mai tsananin gaske da ƙara mara kyau.
(4) Yin la'akari da siffar gefen wukar, akwai fararen fata masu haske a gefen wukar.
(5) Lokacin amfani da siminti na niƙa na carbide don niƙa sassa na ƙarfe, hazo mai yawa na wuta kan tashi.
(6) Niƙa sassa na karfe tare da high-gudun karfe niƙa yanka, kamar mai mai da sanyaya, zai haifar da yawa hayaki.
Lokacin da abin yankan niƙa ya ƙare, ya kamata ku tsaya ku duba lalacewa na abin yankan a cikin lokaci.Idan lalacewa ya yi kadan, za ku iya kaifafa yankan tare da dutse mai mai sannan ku yi amfani da shi;idan sawa yayi nauyi, dole ne a kaifafa shi don hana yawan lalacewan niƙa.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-23-2021